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The Memphis Red Sox were a Negro League baseball team based out of Memphis, Tennessee. They are one of just a handful of teams that spanned over thirty years of operation. The team was initially owned by local barber Arthur Peterson Martin, and were called the A.P. Martin Barber Boys. Their games were played at Russwood Park and throughout their tenure, the Memphis Red Socks played in the Negro Southern League, the Negro National League, and the Negro American League.

By the start of the 1922 season, the team adopted the name Memphis Red Sox. John Miller and Moses Dandridge became the new owners with Miller serving as team president and Chick Cummings as the manager. By the end of the 1922 season Miller and Dandridge sold the club to brothers John B. Martin, William S. Martin, and B.B. Martin, all local Black doctors. The Martin brothers built Martin Stadium, making the Memphis Red Sox one of the few clubs to own its own ballpark.